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一分鐘帶你了解溴化鋰直燃機

  溴化鋰直燃機(ji),簡稱溴冷機(ji),是目前世界上常見的吸(xi)收式制(zhi)冷機(ji)。

  在(zai)(zai)真(zhen)空條(tiao)件下(xia),溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)吸收式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji),以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)為(wei)(wei)吸收劑(ji),產生(sheng)0℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)低溫(wen)水(shui)(shui)(shui),多用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)中央空調系統。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機利用(yong)(yong)高(gao)真(zhen)空下(xia)水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)低沸(fei)點(只(zhi)有4攝(she)氏度(du))來制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機,即溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)吸收式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機,以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)為(wei)(wei)工(gong)質(zhi),其中水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji),溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)為(wei)(wei)吸收劑(ji)。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)是(shi)一(yi)種鹽(yan),為(wei)(wei)白色晶體(ti),易(yi)溶(rong)(rong)于(yu)(yu)水(shui)(shui)(shui)和酒精,無毒,化(hua)(hua)(hua)學(xue)性質(zhi)穩定(ding),不會變質(zhi)。當(dang)空氣(qi)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)于(yu)(yu)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)中時,對鋼有很(hen)強(qiang)的(de)腐(fu)蝕性。溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)吸收式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機由(you)于(yu)(yu)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)水(shui)(shui)(shui)為(wei)(wei)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji),蒸(zheng)(zheng)發溫(wen)度(du)在(zai)(zai)0℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang),只(zhi)能(neng)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)空調設備(bei)和生(sheng)產過程(cheng)中制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)備(bei)冷(leng)(leng)水(shui)(shui)(shui)。這種冰箱可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)使用(yong)(yong)75℃以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)的(de)低壓蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)或熱(re)水(shui)(shui)(shui)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)熱(re)源,因此(ci)在(zai)(zai)廢氣(qi)、余熱(re)、太陽能(neng)和低溫(wen)熱(re)能(neng)的(de)利用(yong)(yong)中起著重要作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。在(zai)(zai)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)吸收式制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)中,由(you)于(yu)(yu)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)沸(fei)點很(hen)高(gao),極難揮發,可(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)認為(wei)(wei)溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)飽和溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)液(ye)面的(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi)是(shi)純水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)汽(qi);在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)溫(wen)度(du)下(xia),溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)液(ye)面的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)飽和分壓小于(yu)(yu)純水(shui)(shui)(shui);并(bing)且濃度(du)越高(gao),液(ye)面上(shang)(shang)水(shui)(shui)(shui)蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣(qi)的(de)飽和分壓越小。因此(ci),在(zai)(zai)相同溫(wen)度(du)下(xia),溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)水(shui)(shui)(shui)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)濃度(du)越大,其吸水(shui)(shui)(shui)能(neng)力越強(qiang)。這就是(shi)為(wei)(wei)什么溴(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)化(hua)(hua)(hua)鋰(li)(li)(li)通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)吸收劑(ji),水(shui)(shui)(shui)用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)劑(ji)。

  溴(xiu)化鋰吸(xi)收(shou)式(shi)制(zhi)冷機(ji)主(zhu)要由(you)發電機(ji)、冷凝器(qi)、蒸發器(qi)、吸(xi)收(shou)器(qi)、換(huan)熱器(qi)和循環泵(beng)組(zu)成(cheng)。

  在(zai)溴化(hua)鋰(li)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)機運行過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),當溴化(hua)鋰(li)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)被發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)媒水加熱(re)時,溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)水不斷(duan)汽(qi)化(hua);隨著水的(de)(de)(de)不斷(duan)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa),發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)溴化(hua)鋰(li)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)不斷(duan)增(zeng)加,進入(ru)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi);水蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣進入(ru)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),被冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)水冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que),然后冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)成高(gao)壓(ya)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)的(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)態水;冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)水通(tong)過(guo)節流閥進入(ru)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)時,迅速膨脹汽(qi)化(hua),汽(qi)化(hua)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)從蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒水吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)大量熱(re)量,從而達到(dao)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)目的(de)(de)(de);在(zai)此過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)水蒸(zheng)(zheng)氣進入(ru)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),被吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)溴化(hua)鋰(li)水溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou),溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)濃度(du)(du)逐漸(jian)降低(di),由(you)循環(huan)泵送回發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),完(wan)成整個(ge)循環(huan)。這樣就(jiu)不斷(duan)產生冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)能。由(you)于溴化(hua)鋰(li)稀(xi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)在(zai)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)已經冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)(que),溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)較(jiao)低(di),為了(le)節省加熱(re)稀(xi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)量,提高(gao)整個(ge)裝置(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)效率,在(zai)系(xi)統中(zhong)(zhong)增(zeng)加了(le)一(yi)個(ge)換熱(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi),使(shi)流出發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)濃縮液(ye)(ye)和(he)流出吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)低(di)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)稀(xi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)進行熱(re)交(jiao)換,從而提高(gao)進入(ru)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)稀(xi)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)。溴化(hua)鋰(li)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)機的(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)(fa)生器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、蒸(zheng)(zheng)發(fa)(fa)(fa)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)吸(xi)收(shou)(shou)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)可以設置(zhi)在(zai)一(yi)個(ge)氣缸(gang)(稱(cheng)為單缸(gang))或兩個(ge)氣缸(gang)(稱(cheng)為雙缸(gang))中(zhong)(zhong)

  直(zhi)(zhi)燃式溴(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)吸收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)通過燃油(you)或(huo)燃氣直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)加(jia)熱。溴(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)吸收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)與背壓式汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)相結合,利(li)用(yong)(yong)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)的排(pai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)作為溴(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)吸收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的加(jia)熱蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi),不僅(jin)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)提高水(shui)蒸氣的利(li)用(yong)(yong)率(lv),還可(ke)以(yi)(yi)滿(man)足制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)、發(fa)電(dian)等多種(zhong)需求。根據這一思想,設(she)計了溴(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)吸收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)和離心(xin)式氟利(li)昂(ang)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)。它利(li)用(yong)(yong)背壓式汽(qi)(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)直(zhi)(zhi)接(jie)驅動離心(xin)式壓縮機(ji)(ji)(ji),并利(li)用(yong)(yong)其排(pai)汽(qi)(qi)(qi)加(jia)熱溴(xiu)化(hua)鋰(li)吸收(shou)(shou)式制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。這種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)較大的冷(leng)(leng)量(liang),也可(ke)以(yi)(yi)在(zai)不同的蒸發(fa)溫度下產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)冷(leng)(leng)量(liang)。這種(zhong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)不僅(jin)經(jing)濟性好(hao)(蒸汽(qi)(qi)(qi)消耗率(lv)低),而(er)且具有良好(hao)的低負荷(he)特性,即在(zai)部分(fen)負荷(he)下仍能保持高經(jing)濟性。